Windows 10 Your options for signing in

The best place to begin introducing Windows 10 to a new user is the sign-in screen. Start by explaining the four different account types that Windows 10 supports:

 Microsoft account On desktop PCs and laptops that aren’t joined to a Windows domain, this is
the most commonly used account type. Signing in with a Microsoft account allows access to online services such as Microsoft OneDrive and Outlook Mail. More important, it makes it possible for the user to sync settings (including saved passwords and access to Store apps) between Windows 10 devices.

 Local account This is the traditional account type, consisting of a user name and password that
are stored locally and not linked to any cloud services. It takes a few extra steps to create a local account, but some traditional users are more comfortable with this configuration.

 Domain account These accounts are common on corporate networks powered by Windows servers running Active Directory services. This type of setup gives network administrators significant control over device configurations through the use of Group Policy.

 Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Organizations that use Microsoft online services such as Office 365 can take advantage of its directory services without requiring that a PC be fully managed. The Join Azure AD button is on the Accounts page in Windows 10 Settings.

Source of Information : Windows 10 IT PRO Essentials Support Secrets