With Karmic Koala (9.10), modifying the system sounds is a little more complicated. The System -> Preferences -> Sound menu options permit you to change the entire sound theme, but you cannot alter specific sounds. Moreover, the desktop login sound is not even listed.
The startup sound is actually found under System -> Preferences -> Startup Applications. To disable the desktop login sound, uncheck the GNOME Login Sound item.
Creating your own audio theme is more complicated in Karmic because there is no GUI interface.
1. Open a terminal window and go to the /usr/share/sounds/ directory.
cd /usr/share/sounds
2. Copy the Ubuntu default audio theme to your own theme:
sudo cp -r ubuntu newtheme
3. In your newtheme directory is a file called index.theme. Change the theme’s name from name=Ubuntu to your own theme name (for example, name=My Cool Audio Theme).
4. Under newtheme/stereo/ are a bunch of OGG sound files. The file name tells you when each is used. For example, desktop-login.ogg is played when the GNOME Login Sound plays. Replace these OGG fileswith your own OGG files. You can use sox to convert other audio formats to OGG.
5. When you are finished, go to System -> Preferences -> Sound and select your new sound theme from the list.
Source of Information : Wiley Ubuntu Powerful Hacks And Customizations
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